London Clinic Lung Centre

Non-small cell lung cancer

Also known as: NSCLC

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes.

At The London Clinic Lung Centre, our specialists provide regular screening, rapid diagnostics and personalised treatment plans using the latest advancements in care.

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What is non-small cell lung cancer?

Non-small cell lung cancer develops when abnormal cells in the lungs grow and multiply rapidly.

It is a broad category of cancer that includes several subtypes, which are classified by the type of cells affected and how quickly they grow. These include:

  • Adenocarcinoma – the most common subtype, which develops in the cells lining the outer parts of the lungs
  • Squamous cell carcinoma – develops in the cells lining the inside of the lungs
  • Large cell carcinoma – a less common type that can develop in any part of the lungs

Non-small cell lung cancer symptoms

Non-small cell lung cancer may not cause symptoms until it has spread to other parts of the body. When symptoms do appear, they can feel similar to those of other types of lung cancer or respiratory conditions.

Non-small cell lung cancer signs and symptoms include:

  • A persistent cough that worsens over time
  • Coughing up blood (haemoptysis)
  • Discomfort or pain in your chest
  • Shortness of breath or trouble breathing
  • Frequent respiratory infections (e.g. bronchitis or pneumonia)
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Constant tiredness
  • A hoarse voice
  • Wheezing

It’s important to remember that these symptoms don’t necessarily indicate non-small cell lung cancer. However, if you are experiencing any of them, it’s best to speak to a specialist as soon as possible. Early diagnosis can make a significant difference to your treatment options and outcomes.

Non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis

Non-small cell lung cancer can be identified before it has spread through regular screening using low-dose CT scans. This type of CT scan uses a much lower dose of radiation than a standard CT scan, meaning it can be used regularly to enable early diagnosis.

However, if you are experiencing symptoms of non-small cell lung cancer, your specialist may use a combination of tests to confirm a diagnosis:

  • Chest X-ray – a basic scan that can help identify any abnormal masses or spots in the lungs
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) or CT scans – imaging scans that can be used together to create a highly detailed image of your body’s structure and detect physiological changes that could indicate the growth of cancer cells
  • An endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) – a minimally invasive technique which uses ultrasound technology to provide real-time images of your lungs and collect tissue samples for biopsy (further testing)
  • Rapid molecular diagnostics – this uses a method called next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyse the genetic makeup of your tumour to confirm a diagnosis and enable your specialist to create a tailored treatment plan

Once the appropriate tests have been completed, our multidisciplinary team of specialists at The London Clinic Lung Centre will review the findings to develop an optimal treatment plan tailored to your needs.

What causes non-small cell lung cancer?

It’s not always clear why some people develop non-small cell lung cancer while others don’t. However, the main risk factor for this disease is a history of smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke.

Other risk factors include:

  • Having a family history of lung cancer – certain inherited gene mutations can increase your risk of lung cancer, even without a history of smoking
  • Occupational exposure to carcinogens – regular exposure to substances such as asbestos, tar, nickel, arsenic, chromium, beryllium or soot can raise your risk
  • Environmental exposure to pollution – such as metal and mineral dust from industrial areas
  • Radiation exposure – due to undergoing scans or treatments for cancer which use radiation
  • Exposure to radon gas – a naturally occurring radioactive gas that comes up from rocks and soil
  • Having certain respiratory conditions – for example, pulmonary fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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When to see a consultant?

Approximately 70–80% of non-small cell lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, when the patient begins to experience symptoms. As a result, it is important to seek medical care straight away if you notice any symptoms.

If you have a history of smoking or are at a higher risk of lung cancer for other reasons, regular screening scans are highly recommended to help detect cancer in its early stages. At The London Clinic Lung Centre, we offer a low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan screening service to support early diagnosis.

Why patients choose The London Clinic Lung Centre

Why patients choose The London Clinic Lung Centre

Our lung centre brings together a wide range of specialities and collective experience to provide a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and treating lung conditions. Working collaboratively, our world-class teams deliver personalised care at every stage, ensuring each patient receives the highest standard of treatment in a supportive, streamlined environment.

World-class lung treatment

Our specialists work at the forefront of modern lung diagnostics and treatments, helping deliver exceptional care for chest conditions.

Personal care, every time

Patient care is central to everything we do, with tailored treatment plans and support at every step.

Effortlessly simple

Our multidisciplinary teams work as one to provide a seamless, stress-free experience from consultation to follow-up.

Get expert lung advice

World-class consultants and advanced lung diagnostics, based in the heart of Harley Street.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

Get answers to questions you may have about accessing world-class treatment at The London Clinic Lung Centre.